HET ATLANTISCH HANDVEST en DE VIER VRIJHEDEN

DK, 14 augustus 1946

atlantisch handvest en de vier vrijhedenDe President van de VS, Franklin D. Roosevelt, en de Eerste Minister van de Britse regering, Winston Churchill, zijn van mening dat het nodig is om bepaalde algemene beginselen bekend te maken. Beginselen die van toepassing zijn, niet alleen voor hun eigen nationale politiek, maar ook voor andere landen, zodat er een fundering kan worden geslagen van hoop op een betere toekomst.

  1. Ten eerste, hun eigen landen zoeken geen uitbreiding, noch van grondgebied, noch anderszins;
  2. Ten tweede, zij keuren alle territoriale veranderingen af, die niet overeenkomen met de vrij uitgedrukte wens van de betrokken volken;
  3. Ten derde, zij respecteren het recht van alle mensen om die specifieke regeringsvorm te kiezen, waaronder zij willen leven; en zij wensen dat de soevereine rechten en zelfbestuur worden teruggegeven aan hen, die er onder dwang van zijn beroofd;
  4. Ten vierde, zij zullen trachten, met inachtname van hun bestaande verplichtingen, dat alle staten, op gelijke voorwaarden toegang krijgen tot de handel en tot alle grondstoffen van de hele wereld. Nodig voor de economische welvaart van iedere natie;
  5. Ten vijfde, zij wensen een volledige samenwerking tot stand te brengen tussen alle volkeren op economisch gebied, met het doel om voor iedereen betere arbeidsvoorwaarden, economische vooruitgang en sociale zekerheid te waarborgen;
  6. Ten zesde, na de uiteindelijke vernietiging van de nazi-tirannie (Einde van W.O. II, 1940-1945), hopen zij een vrede gevestigd te zien, die alle volkeren in staat zal stellen in veiligheid binnen hun eigen grenzen te wonen en die de verzekering zal geven, dat alle mensen in ieder land hun leven vrij van vrees en gebrek kunnen slijten;
  7. Ten zevende, zo’n vrede moet het iedereen mogelijk maken de hoge zeeën en oceanen onbelemmerd te bevaren;
  8. Ten achtste, zij geloven, dat, uit realistische en uit geestelijke motieven, alle volkeren ter wereld er toe moeten overgaan, om afstand te doen van het gebruik van geweld en van wapenbezit.

Daar er geen vrede in de toekomst kan worden gegarandeerd zo lang bewapeningen te land, ter zee en in de lucht nog in handen zijn van naties, die een bedreiging vormen voor agressie buiten hun grenzen, geloven zij dat, in afwachting van een uitgebreid en permanent systeem voor garantie van een algemene veiligheid, de ontwapening van dergelijke naties noodzakelijk is.

Zij zullen evenzo alle andere maatregelen ondersteunen, die voor de vredelievende volkeren de verpletterende financiële last van de bewapening zullen verlichten.

– Franklin D. Roosevelt en Winston Churchill

DE VIER MENSELIJKE VRIJHEDEN

DK, 6 januari 1941 (1946)

In de toekomst, die wij trachten veilig te stellen, verwachten wij een wereld die op vier essentiële menselijke vrijheden is gegrondvest.

  1. De eerste is daar de vrijheid van spreken en uitdrukking – overal op de hele wereld.
  2. De tweede is de vrijheid voor iedereen om God te aanbidden op zijn eigen wijze – overal op de hele wereld.
  3. De derde is vrij zijn van gebrek – dit betekent in aardse bewoordingen, alle noodzakelijke economische schikkingen uitvoeren, die een waarborg vormen voor elke natie voor een gezond leven in vrede voor haar inwoners – overal op de hele wereld.
  4. De vierde is vrij zijn van vrees – dit betekent in wereldse bewoordingen, een algehele vermindering van bewapening zodanig en zó ingrijpend, dat het voor geen enkele natie meer mogelijk zal zijn een daad van fysieke agressie te bedrijven tegen één van zijn naburen – waar dan ook op de hele wereld.

– Franklin D. Roosevelt

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